TGF-β1 and Mechanical-Stretch Induction of Lysyl-Oxidase and Matrix-Metalloproteinase Expression in Synovial Fibroblasts Requires NF-κB Pathways

The imbalance in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) synovial fibroblasts (SFs) caused by mechanical injury inflammatory response prevents injured anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) from self-healing. However, research on effect growth factors SFs regulating microenvironment is limited. In this study, exogenous transform factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were employed to mimic a joint-cavity with ACL trauma. function NF-κB transcription factor was further studied. study found that gene LOXs (except LOXL-1), MMP-1, -2, -3 promoted combination injurious stretching TGF-β1 upregulation MMPs higher than LOXs. addition, MMP-2 activity induced stretch inhibited inhibitors such as Bay11-7082 Bay11-7085. findings concluded synovium an important regulator knee after pathway mediated regulation via TGF-β1.